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| 16.5% Northern Mandé | 11.0% Krous | | 2.8% othersa }} | ethnic_groups_year = 1998 | capital = Yamoussoukro | latd=6 |latm=51 |latNS=N |longd=5 |longm=18 |longEW=W | largest_city = Abidjan | government_type = Unitary semi-presidential republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Alassane Ouattara | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Daniel Kablan Duncan | legislature = National Assembly | area_km2 = 322,463 | area_sq_mi = 124,502 | area_rank = 69th | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 1.4 | population_estimate = 23,919,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Republic of Côte d'Ivoire National Statistical Institute )〕 | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_estimate_rank = 53rd | population_census = 22,671,331 | population_census_year = 2014 | population_density_km2 = 63.9 | population_density_sq_mi = 165.6 | population_density_rank = 139th | GDP_PPP_year = 2014 | GDP_PPP = $48 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Côte d'Ivoire: Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,938〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2014 | GDP_nominal = $32 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Côte d'Ivoire: Gross domestic product, current prices )〕 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,302〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2008 | Gini_change = | Gini = 41.5 | Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.452 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 171st | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = from France | established_date1 = 7 August 1960 | currency = West African CFA franc | currency_code = XOF | time_zone = GMT | utc_offset = +0 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +0 | drives_on = right | calling_code = +225 | iso3166code = CI | cctld = .ci | footnote_a = Including approximately 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French people. | footnotes = }} Ivory Coast () or Côte d'Ivoire (; ; ), officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire ((フランス語:République de Côte d'Ivoire)), is a country in West Africa. Ivory Coast's capital is Yamoussoukro, and its biggest city is the port of Abidjan. Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. Two Anyi kingdoms, ''Indénié'' and ''Sanwi'', attempted to retain their separate identity through the French colonial period and after independence. Ivory Coast became a protectorate of France in 1843–44 and was later formed into a French colony in 1893 amid the European scramble for Africa. Ivory Coast achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. It maintained close political and economic association with its West African neighbors while at the same time maintaining close ties to the West, especially France. Since the end of Houphouët-Boigny's rule in 1993, Ivory Coast has experienced one ''coup d'état'', in 1999, and two religion-grounded civil wars. The first took place between 2002 and 2007 and the second during 2010-2011. Ivory Coast is a republic with a strong executive power invested in its president. Through the production of coffee and cocoa, the country was an economic powerhouse in West Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. Ivory Coast went through an economic crisis in the 1980s, contributing to a period of political and social turmoil. The 21st-century Ivorian economy is largely market-based and still relies heavily on agriculture, with smallholder cash-crop production being dominant.〔 The official language is French, with local indigenous languages also widely used, including Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. The main religions are Islam, Christianity (primarily Roman Catholicism), and various indigenous religions. == Names == Portuguese and French merchant-explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries divided the west coast of Africa, very roughly, into five "coasts" reflecting local economies. The coast that the French named the ''Côte d'Ivoire'' and the Portuguese named the ''Costa do Marfim''—both, literally, being "Ivory Coast"—lay between what was known as the ''Guiné de Cabo Verde'', so-called "Upper Guinea" at Cabo Verde, and Lower Guinea. There was also a "Grain Coast", a "Gold Coast", and a "Slave Coast". Like those three, the name "Ivory Coast" reflected the major trade that occurred on that particular stretch of the coast, the export of ivory. Other names for the coast of ivory included the ''Côte de Dents'', literally "Teeth Coast", again reflecting the trade in ivory; the ''Côte de Quaqua'', after the people whom the Dutch named the Quaqua (alternatively Kwa Kwa); the Coast of the Five and Six Stripes, after a type of cotton fabric also traded there; and the ''Côte du Vent'', the Windward Coast, after perennial local off-shore weather conditions. One can find the name ''Cote de(s) Dents'' regularly used in older works. It was used in Duckett's ''Dictionnaire'' and by Nicolas Villault de Bellefond, for examples, although Antoine François Prévost used ''Côte d'Ivoire''. In the 19th century, it died out in favor of ''Côte d'Ivoire''. The coastline of the modern state is not quite coterminous with what the 15th- and 16th-century merchants knew as the "Teeth" or "Ivory" coast, which was considered to stretch from Cape Palmas to Cape Three Points and which is thus now divided between the modern states of Ghana and Ivory Coast (with a minute portion of Liberia). It retained the name through French rule, though, and independence in 1960.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/643 )〕 The name had long since been translated literally into other languages, which the postindependence government considered to be increasingly troublesome whenever its international dealings extended beyond the Francophone sphere. Therefore, in April 1986, the government declared Côte d'Ivoire (or, more fully, République de Côte d'Ivoire) to be its formal name for the purposes of diplomatic protocol, and officially refuses to recognize or accept any translation from French to another language in its international dealings. Despite the Ivorian government's request, the English translation "Ivory Coast" (often "''the'' Ivory Coast") is still frequently used in English, by various media outlets and publications. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ivory coast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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